Notes

1. KAN. CONST. art. XV, § 15.

2. MISS. CODE ANN. § 99-36-5 (2001).

3. For example, ARK. CODE ANN. § 16-90-1103 (Michie 2001).

4. For example, N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. § 21-M:8-k (2000).

5. UTAH R. EVID. 615.

6. IDAHO CONST. art. I, § 22; IDAHO CODE § 19-5306 (Michie 1999).

7. N.M. CONST. art. II, § 24; N.M. STAT. ANN. § 31-26-4 (Michie 2000).

8. LA. CODE EVID. ANN. 615 (West 2000); MD. ANN. CODE art. 27, § 773 (2001); MICH. STAT. ANN. §§ 28.1287(761), (789), (821) (Law. Co-op. 2000); NEV. REV. STAT. § 171.204 (2001); S.D. CODIFIED LAWS § 19-14-29 (Michie 2001); WASH. REV. CODE
§ 7.69.030 (2000).

9. WASH. REV. CODE § 7.69.030 (2000).

10. ALASKA STAT. § 12.61.010 (Michie 2000).

11. ALASKA R. EVID. 615.

12. State v. Beltran-Felix, 294 Utah Adv. Rep. 3, 12, 922 P.2d 30, 35 (Utah Ct. App. 1996).

13. State v. Fulminante, 195 Ariz. 485, 975 P.2d 75, 92 (1999).

14. Gabriel v. State, 925 P.2d 234, 236 (Wyo. 1996).

15. People v. Ramer, 17 Cal. App. 4th 672, 679, 21 Cal. Rptr. 2d 480 (5th Dist. 1993), review denied, op. withdrawn by order of ct., People v. Ramer, 24 Cal. Rptr. 2d 237, 860 P.2d 1183 (1993).

16. WIS. STAT. § 906.15 (2001).

17. FLA. STAT. § 960.001 (2000).

18. DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 11, § 9407 (2000); WYO. STAT. ANN. § 1-40-206 (Michie 2000).

19. CONN. CONST. amend. XVII(b). See also ILL. CONST. art. I, § 8.1, 725 ILL. COMP. STAT. § 120/4 (2001); MASS. GEN. LAWS ch. 258B, § 3 (2001); TEX. CONST. art. I, § 30; 42 U.S.C. § 10606 (2001).

20. VA. CODE ANN. § 19.2-265.01 (Michie 2000).

21. N.C. GEN. STAT. § 15A-832 (2000).

22. CAL. PENAL CODE § 1102.6 (Deering 2001).

23. Id.

24. State v. Beltran-Felix, 294 Utah Adv. Rep. 14 n.6, 922 P.2d 35 (quoting State v. Rangel, 866 P.2d 607, 612 n.6 (Utah Ct. App. 1993)).

25. For example, ALA. CODE § 15-14-54 (2000); MD. ANN. CODE art. 27, § 773 (2001); UTAH R. EVID. 615.

26. ALA. CODE § 15-14-53 (2000).

27. LA. CODE EVID. ANN. art. 615 (West 2000).

28. Mask v. State, 314 Ark. 25, 869 S.W.2d 1 (1993).

29. People v. Ramer, supra, note 15.

30. For example, see UTAH CODE ANN. § 77-38-2 (2000).

31. WIS. STAT. § 950.04 (2000).

32. ARK. CODE ANN. § 16-90-1103 (Michie 1999); CAL. PENAL CODE § 1102.6 (Deering 2000); COLO. REV. STAT. § 24-4.1-303 (2001); DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 11, § 9407 (2000); 725 ILL. COMP. STAT. § 120/4.5 (2001); IOWA CODE § 915.20 (2001); KY. REV. STAT. ANN. § 421.575 (Banks-Baldwin 1999); NEV. REV. STAT. § 178.571 (2001); N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. § 516:7-a (2000); OHIO REV. CODE ANN. § 2930.09 (Anderson 2001); WIS. STAT. § 950.04 (2000).

33. OKLA. STAT. tit. 19, § 215.33 (2000).

34. N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. § 516:7-a (2000).