NVAA 2000 Text |
Chapter 15 Supplement Victimization of Individuals
with Disabilities
The Crime Victims With Disabilities Awareness Act of 1998 (Public Law: 105-301) was
designed to increase public awareness of the plight of victims of crime with developmental
disabilities. The act directs the Attorney General to:
Effective training for victim service providers, law enforcement, and prosecutors on assisting
victims with disabilities varies according to type of disability, as do viable risk reduction
programs. The initiatives described below approach the issues from various angles:
END THE SILENCE
The Institute on Disabilities at Temple University is conducting a three-year initiative called
End the Silence funded by the Administration on Developmental Disabilities at the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services. The program approaches crime against people
with developmental and other disabilities as a problem similar to violence against women, child
abuse, and elder abuse. End the Silence recognizes that while much progress has been made in
these three areas, crimes against people with disabilities continues to be largely invisible and
unaddressed in mainstream criminal justice. Part of the initiative is devoted to self-advocacy.
Individuals with disabilities, including victims, are taking an active role in developing the
training material on sexual abuse awareness and are participating in the pilot training
programs.
Program goals are to:
The first completed publication, Keeping Yourself Safe at Home, at Work, and in the
Community, is a risk reduction program to educate victims with developmental disabilities
about sexual abuse and safety strategies to prevent it. The publication will be available for
distribution after pilot testing is completed. End the Silence, Institute on Disabilities, Temple
University, Philadelphia, PA (215-204-1356) <http://www.temple.edu/Inst_disabilities>.
UNDERSTANDING MENTAL RETARDATION: TRAINING FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT
A three-hour training curriculum, Understanding Mental Retardation: Training for Law
Enforcement, provides police officers with information about victim and offender issues
involving people with this disability. The training includes a fifteen-minute video, program
materials, hand-outs, and references for background reading. The ARC of the United States,
500 E. Border Street, Suite 300, Arlington, TX 76010 (817-261-6003) (Davis August 1998).
RESPONSE PROTOCOLS FOR THE MALTREATMENT OF CHILDREN
WITH DISABILITIES
The National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect at the Department of Health and Human
Services has sponsored the development of a curriculum to provide trainers with a framework
for teaching victim service providers about the maltreatment of children with disabilities.
Responding to Maltreatment of Children with Disabilities: A Trainer's Guide is made up of
five modules that include an introduction to disabilities; the relationship between maltreatment
and disabilities; assessment protocols; child protective services practices for children with
disabilities; and risk reduction. The training curriculum specifically addresses myths about
disabilities; impact of disability on communication and culture; incidence and prevalence of
abuse and neglect; signs of abuse and neglect; and medical examination practices. The
curriculum manual provides a lecture guide, participant guides, trainer's texts, transparencies
or Power Point slides, and videotapes for each module (Steinberg, Hylton, and Wheeler 1998).
SEXUAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH DISABILITIES
The Disability, Abuse & Personal Rights Project (DAPR) has developed sensitive forensic
interviewing protocols for use by criminal justice professionals with victims of sexual assault
who have cognitive and communication impairments. A curriculum for police making first
response is currently under development. For disability service providers, DAPR has
developed training on the identification and reporting of sexual assault. They have also
developed training on risk reduction strategies for parents of and individuals with cognitive and
communication impairments. They are currently working with the California State Board of
Control (SBOC) and child protective services to change the child victim data collection system
to include the reporting and tracking of children with disabilities who are sexually assaulted,
and children who are disabled as a result of abuse. In addition, DAPR coordinates a national
conference, conducts research, and generates articles, documents, and guidebooks on sexual
assault primarily of children and adults who have developmental handicaps. Related subjects
include: sexual abuse, other types of abuse, sexuality of persons with disabilities, parenting
issues, protections of sexual civil liberties, and other civil rights. Issues related to abuse, such
as perpetrators with developmental disabilities, and the onset of disability as a result of abuse,
are also addressed. Disability, Abuse & Personal Rights Project, Spectrum Institute,
P.O. Box T, Culver City, CA 90230 (310-391-2420) <www.disability-abuse.com>.
- Initial approaches to people with disabilities. The effective use of language in portraying
their condition lays the groundwork for the success of further communication. Words
mirror prevailing attitudes, and societal attitudes are the fundamental barriers that people
with disabilities must overcome to have successful interactions.
- Communication issues. To reduce anxiety when interacting with people with specific
disabilities, the brochure offers specific advice on how to communicate with deaf
individuals, the visually impaired, the speech impaired, and individuals with mobility
impairments.
- Compliance. To meet the legal and ethical obligations as set forth by The Americans
with Disabilities Act, and to better serve the needs of individuals with disabilities, the
brochure offers guidelines and advice on service requirements, referrals, physical
barriers to office access, and specials aids to enhance communication.
The brochure is available by mail from APA or in an alternative form on its Web site
<www.apa.org/pi/cdip/>. American Psychological Association, 750 First Street NE,
Washington DC 20002 (800-374-2721) <www.apa.org>.
ABUSE.html>.
Chapter 15 Supplement References
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 17 October 1999. Crime in the United States, Uniform
Crime Reports, 1998. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
Steinberg, M. A., J. R. Hylton, and C. E. Wheeler. 1998. Responding to Maltreatment of
Children with Disabilities: A Trainer's Guide. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect.
Tyiska, C. September 1998. "Working with Victims of Crime with Disabilities." Office for
Victims of Crime Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office for Victims
of Crime.
Davis, L. August 1998. Understanding Mental Retardation: Training for Law Enforcement.
Arlington, TX: The ARC of the United States.
2000 NVAA Text