>
Appendix A. Results of Survey of Victim-Offender Mediation
Programs in the United States
1. Person completing survey: ______________________________________
2. Position of person completing survey: ______________________________
3. Date of survey completion: ______________________________________
4. Name of your agency: _________________________________________
5. Type of agency: ______________________________________________
>
Agency |
Number of Programs*
|
Percentage of Total
Responses (N=115)
|
a. Probation |
10
|
9
|
b. Victim services |
4
|
3
|
c. Private community-based |
49
|
42
|
d. Prosecuting attorney |
5
|
4
|
e. Police |
2
|
2
|
f. Residential treatment facility |
2
|
2
|
g. Correctional facility |
9
|
8
|
h. Church-based |
26
|
23
|
i. Other |
|
|
State/county
|
4
|
3
|
Court services
|
2
|
2
|
Juvenile offender services
|
2
|
2
|
* Not all respondents
answered this question, so total number of responses (115) does
not equal total number of respondents (116).
|
6. What is the primary source of funding for the VOM program?
>
Source |
Number of Responses*
|
Percentage of Total
Responses (N=160)
|
a. Local government |
43
|
27
|
b. State government |
39
|
24
|
c. Federal Government |
10
|
6
|
d. Foundations |
20
|
12
|
e. Individual contributions |
15
|
9
|
f. Churches |
16
|
10
|
g. Other |
|
|
Fundraising/grants
|
4
|
3
|
United Way
|
9
|
6
|
Miscellaneous fees
|
4
|
3
|
* Respondents could indicate more
than 1 source, so total number of responses (160) is greater than
total number of respondents (116). |
Please complete the following information based upon
information from the most recent year. Please indicate if the data are
not available.
7. How many full-time employees does your VOM program have?
|
Mean: 2.3 employees |
|
Range: 1-13 employees |
8. How many mediators participate in your VOM program?
|
Mean
|
Range
|
Staff |
2
|
1-14
|
Volunteers |
37
|
1-1,000
|
9. What is the current annual budget of the VOM program?
|
Mean: $55,077 |
|
Range: $1-$413,671 |
10. How many cases were referred to victim-offender mediation during
the most recent year?
|
N=116 |
|
|
|
Juvenile cases |
Mean: 136 |
Range: 1-900 |
|
Adult cases |
Mean: 74 |
Range: 1-1,672 |
11. What percentage of referrals are felonies?
|
N=116 |
|
|
|
Mean: 33 percent |
|
Range: 1-100 percent |
What percentage of referrals are misdemeanors?
|
N=116 |
|
|
|
Mean: 67 percent |
|
Range: 1-100 percent |
12. Who is the primary referral source of cases?
>
Referral Source |
Number of Responses* |
Percentage of Total
Responses (N=148) |
a. Probation officers |
43
|
29
|
b. Judges |
34
|
23
|
c. Police officers |
15
|
10
|
d. Prosecutors |
23
|
15
|
e. Defense attorneys |
10
|
7
|
f. Victim advocates |
1
|
1
|
g. Community members |
3
|
2
|
h. Juvenile diversion |
19
|
13
|
* Respondents could indicate more
than 1 referral source, so total number of responses (148) is greater
than total number of respondents (116). |
13. Is offender participation in the mediation program voluntary?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 82 |
Percentage: 78.8 |
|
b. No |
Number: 22 |
Percentage: 21.2 |
14. Can offenders back out of the mediation program at any time?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 87 |
Percentage: 82.1 |
|
b. No |
Number: 19 |
Percentage: 17.9 |
15. Is victim participation in the mediation program voluntary?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 105 |
Percentage: 100 |
|
b. No |
Number: 0 |
Percentage: 0 |
16. Can victims back out of the mediation program at any time?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 105 |
Percentage: 99.1 |
|
b. No |
Number: 1 |
Percentage: 0.9 |
17. At what point(s) in the justice process is victim-offender mediation
done?
>
Point in Justice Process |
Number of Responses* |
Percentage of Total
Responses (N=207) |
a. Diversion |
71
|
34
|
b. Post-adjudication but
pre-disposition |
57
|
28
|
c. Post-disposition |
57
|
28
|
d. Other |
|
|
At various points
|
5
|
2
|
At any point
|
10
|
5
|
Prior to court
|
7
|
3
|
* Respondents could indicate more
than 1 point, so total number of responses (207) is greater than total
number of respondents (116). |
18. How many of the referred/closed cases during the year were actually
mediated?
|
N=116 |
|
|
Mean: 106 cases |
Range: 1-771 cases
|
19. How many mediations resulted in written agreements?
|
N=116 |
|
|
Mean: 92 mediations |
Range: 1-720 mediations
|
20. How many of the above agreements were successfully completed?
|
Mean: 91 agreements |
Range: 1-720 agreements
|
21. What are the three most common offenses that are referred to victim-offender
mediation (please list the most common first)?
a. _________________ |
b. _________________ |
c. __________________ |
22. Do you ever conduct mediations for any of the following severely
violent crimes?
>
Offense |
Number of Responses* |
Percentage of Total
Responses (N=14) |
a. Assault with a deadly weapon |
25
|
18
|
b. Assault with bodily injury |
47
|
33
|
c. Sexual assault by stranger |
8
|
6
|
d. Sexual assault within family |
10
|
7
|
e. Domestic violence |
12
|
8
|
f. Negligent homicide |
15
|
11
|
g. Attempted murder |
5
|
3
|
h. Murder |
8
|
6
|
i. Other |
11
|
8
|
* Respondents could indicate more
than 1 option, so total number of responses (141) is greater than
total number of respondents (116). |
23. What are the three most important tasks of the mediator(s) during
the mediation session?
>
Task |
Number of Responses* |
Percentage of Total
Responses (N=320) |
a. Providing leadership |
12
|
4
|
b. Making the parties feel comfortable and safe
|
75
|
23
|
c. Actively paraphrasing the comments made by the parties
|
6
|
2
|
d. Actively listening to both parties |
36
|
11
|
e. Reframing the statements of the parties |
14
|
4
|
f. Actively and efficiently moving the parties toward a written
agreement |
19
|
6
|
g. Facilitating a dialogue between the victim and offender
|
90
|
28
|
h. Assisting the parties in negotiating a mutually acceptable
plan for restitution |
39
|
12
|
i. Controlling the amount of feelings and emotions that are
expressed |
1
|
1
|
j. Getting out of the way so the parties can talk directly
to each other |
20
|
6
|
k. Other |
8
|
3
|
* Respondents could indicate more
than 1 task, so total number of responses (320) is greater than total
number of respondents (116). |
Mediator Training Information
24. How many hours of classroom training do mediators initially receive?
|
Mean: 31 hours |
Range: 1-89 hours
|
25. In how many cases, if any, are trainees required to participate
with an experienced mediator, as a period of apprenticeship, prior to
completing their initial training?
|
Mean: 4 cases |
Range: 1-24 cases
|
26. Does your training include a specific component on understanding
the experience and needs of crime victims?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 93 |
Percentage: 79.5 |
|
b. No |
Number: 23 |
Percentage: 20.5 |
27. If yes, how much time do you spend on the topic of crime victims?
|
Mean: 3.7 hours |
Range: 1-40 hours
|
28. If yes, does this include specific information about the crisis response
of victims and possible trauma?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 78 |
Percentage: 76.5 |
|
b. No |
Number: 24 |
Percentage: 23.5 |
29. If yes, does this include specific information about crisis intervention
techniques and local referral sources?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 70 |
Percentage: 68.0 |
|
b. No |
Number: 33 |
Percentage: 32.0 |
30. If yes, does this include specific information about the rights of
crime victims in your State?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 57 |
Percentage: 56.4 |
|
b. No |
Number: 44 |
Percentage: 43.6 |
31. Does your training of mediators include a guest speaker from a local
victim assistance program or agency?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 45 |
Percentage: 38.5 |
|
b. No |
Number: 71 |
Percentage: 61.5 |
|
Name of the program/agency: _____________________ |
32. Do you invite crime victims to tell their story during the training
session for mediators?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 29 |
Percentage: 25.0 |
|
b. No |
Number: 87 |
Percentage: 75.0 |
33. If yes, are these victims ever former clients who went through mediation?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 19 |
Percentage: 59.4 |
|
b. No |
Number: 13 |
Percentage: 40.6 |
34. Does your training include a specific component on understanding
the experience and needs of offenders?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 87 |
Percentage: 75.0 |
|
b. No |
Number: 29 |
Percentage: 25.0 |
35. If yes, how much time do you spend on the topic of understanding
offenders?
|
Mean: 3 hours |
Range: 1-12 hours
|
36. Does your training of mediators include a guest speaker from a local
program or agency that works with offenders?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 93 |
Percentage: 79.5 |
|
b. No |
Number: 23 |
Percentage: 20.5 |
|
Name of the program/agency: _____________________ |
37. Are one or more offenders ever invited to tell their story during
the training session for mediators?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 20 |
Percentage: 18.0 |
|
b. No |
Number: 91 |
Percentage: 82.0 |
38. If yes, are these offenders ever former clients who went through
mediation?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 15 |
Percentage: 75.0 |
|
b. No |
Number: 5 |
Percentage: 25.0 |
What other topics are addressed during training?
>
Topic |
Number Answering Yes
|
Percentage Programs (N=116) That Include This
|
39. Y N Restorative justice |
103
|
88
|
40. Y N History of victim-offender mediation |
100
|
86
|
41. Y N Victim-offender mediation concept and process |
113
|
97
|
42. Y N Understanding conflict |
111
|
95
|
43. Y N Communication skills |
114
|
98
|
44. Y N Preparation for mediation skills |
110
|
94
|
45. Y N Mediation skills |
114
|
98
|
46. Y N Followup VOM meetings |
69
|
59
|
47. Y N Risks and benefits of victim-offender mediation |
110
|
94
|
48. Y N VOM research |
70
|
60
|
49. Y N Culture and gender issues in mediation |
95
|
81
|
50. Y N Case assessment skills |
83
|
71
|
51. Y N Followup support for victims and offenders
|
59
|
50
|
52. Y N Referral sources for victims and offenders
|
78
|
67
|
53. Y N Other |
64
|
55
|
54. Approximately how many hours of role playing do
you do in training?
|
Mean: 11 hours |
Range: 1-35 hours
|
55. What parts of the process do you role play in training?
>
Process Element |
Number of Responses* |
Percentage of
Programs (N=116) |
a.. Calling the offender |
57
|
49
|
b. Meeting the offender in a pre-mediation session
|
61
|
53
|
c. Calling the victim |
58
|
50
|
d. Meeting the victim in a pre-mediation session
|
63
|
54
|
e. Mediation session |
107
|
92
|
f. Followup mediation session |
10
|
9
|
g. Other |
8
|
7
|
*Respondents could indicate more
than 1 source, so total number of responses (364) is greater than
total number of respondents (116). |
56. Are your mediators trained in comediation?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 91 |
Percentage: 78.5 |
|
b. No |
Number: 25 |
Percentage: 21.4 |
57a. If yes, why do you use comediators? What are the benefits?
57b. If no, why don't you use comediators?
58. What do you find to be the most helpful training techniques? Please
be very specific.
59. What do you find to be the least helpful training techniques? Please
be very specific.
60. Are there specific handouts, manuals, or videotapes that you have
found particularly helpful in training? Please be specific.
61. Do you believe that your victim-offender mediation training is sufficiently
sensitive to understanding the experience and needs of crime victims?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 74 |
Percentage: 69.8 |
|
b. No |
Number: 32 |
Percentage: 30.2 |
62. Do you believe that your victim-offender mediation training is sufficiently
sensitive to understanding the experience and needs of offenders?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 82 |
Percentage: 76.6 |
|
b. No |
Number: 25 |
Percentage: 23.4 |
63. Do you think victim-offender mediators should be required to receive
certification of completion of a legislatively mandated number of hours
of VOM training?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 40 |
Percentage: 38.8 |
|
b. No |
Number: 63 |
Percentage: 61.2 |
64. If yes, how many hours of training should be required?
|
Mean: 35 hours |
Range: 1-197 hours
|
65. If no, how many hours of training would be considered appropriate?
66. Do you think that advanced training should be required before mediators
work with cases of severe violence such as sexual assault, attempted homicide,
murder?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 112 |
Percentage: 100 |
|
b. No |
Number: 0 |
Percentage: 0 |
Case Preparation Information
67. Does someone call the victim and offender prior to the mediation?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 114 |
Percentage: 99.1 |
|
b. No |
Number: 1 |
Percentage: 0.9 |
68. If yes, who does this?
|
Mediator |
Number: 55 |
Percentage: 49.1 |
|
Intake staff |
Number: 59 |
Percentage: 50.9 |
69. Does someone meet with the victim and offender separately prior to
the mediation?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 88 |
Percentage: 77.9 |
|
b. No |
Number: 25 |
Percentage: 22.1 |
70. If yes, who does this?
|
Mediator |
Number: 72 |
Percentage: 82 |
|
Intake staff |
Number: 16 |
Percentage: 18 |
Mediation Process Information
71. Where are mediations typically held?
>
Location |
Number of Responses* |
Percentage of
Programs (N=116) |
a. Program office |
83
|
72
|
b. Conference room in library |
49
|
42
|
c. Neighborhood/ community center |
51
|
44
|
d. Home of victim |
20
|
17
|
e. Courtroom |
21
|
18
|
f. Church/synagogue/temple |
45
|
39
|
g. Other |
55
|
47
|
* Respondents could indicate more
than 1 location, so total number of responses (324) is greater than
total number of respondents (116). |
72. Who chooses where the mediation will be held?
>
|
Number of Responses* |
Percentage of
Programs (N=116) |
a. Victim |
13
|
11
|
b. Offender |
0
|
0
|
c. Mediator |
18
|
16
|
d. Collaboratively |
47
|
40
|
e. Other |
38
|
33
|
73. If you use comediators, how often?
>
|
Number of Responses* |
Percentage of Total Responses (N=115) |
a. Routinely |
81
|
70
|
b. Occasionally |
26
|
23
|
c. Never |
8
|
7
|
74. Do the victim and offender sit across from each other during the
mediation, allowing for direct eye contact?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 97 |
Percentage: 94.2 |
|
b. No |
Number: 6 |
Percentage: 5.8 |
|
If no, what type of seating arrangement do you use?
_______________________ |
75. After the opening statement by the mediator, who typically begins
telling his or her story first?
>
|
Number of Responses* |
Percentage of Total Responses (N=114) |
a. Victim |
60
|
53
|
b. Offender |
38
|
33
|
c. Varies/depends |
16
|
14
|
76. Who decides which party begins?
>
|
Number of Responses* |
Percentage of Total Responses (N=116) |
a. Victim |
14
|
12
|
b. Offender |
0
|
0
|
c. Mediator |
62
|
53
|
d. Program |
23
|
20
|
e. Victim and offender |
8
|
7
|
f. Varies |
9
|
8
|
Mediation Outcome Information
77. What is the primary goal of your victim-offender mediation program?
78. What are the three most important outcomes of the mediation session
for the involved parties?
a. ___________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________
Comments: ____________________________________________
79. Has your program been evaluated at some level?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 87 |
Percentage: 75.7 |
|
b. No |
Number: 28 |
Percentage: 24.3 |
If yes, please enclose either a copy of the full evaluation or a summary
of it.
80. In what ways do you feel your program is sensitive to the needs
of victims?
80a. What could be done to make your program more sensitive to the needs
of victims?
81. In what ways do you feel your program is sensitive to the needs
of offenders?
81a. Do you have ideas of things that could be done to make your program
more sensitive to the needs of offenders?
82. Is there anything else you would like to say about your program,
the training of mediators, mediation outcomes, etc.?
83. Do you know of any other victim-offender mediation programs that
might not be listed in the national VOMA Directory, particularly
newer programs?
84. Are offenders required to admit their guilt prior to participation?
|
a. Yes |
Number: 75 |
Percentage: 65.2 |
|
b. No |
Number: 40 |
Percentage: 34.8 |
85. Are parents of the juvenile offenders present during the mediation
session?
>
|
Number of Responses* |
Percentage of Total Responses (N=116) |
a. Always |
60
|
52
|
b. Sometimes |
32
|
27
|
c. Occasionally |
15
|
13
|
d. Never |
9
|
8
|
86. Are other participants present during the mediation session?
>
|
Number of Responses* |
Percentage of Total Responses (N=116) |
a. Always |
60
|
52
|
b. Sometimes |
32
|
27
|
c. Occasionally |
15
|
13
|
d. Never |
9
|
8
|
Who are the other participants?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Thanks for taking the time to respond to this survey!
Please enclose a copy of your (1) mediator training agenda; (2) recent
annual report; (3) program flyer; (4) newsletter; (5) evaluation reports.
The survey and other program materials should be mailed to:
Jean Greenwood, Center for Restorative Justice & Peacemaking
School of Social Work, University of Minnesota
105 Peters Hall, 1404 Gortner Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55108
612-624-4923
|
>
Guidelines for Victim-Sensitive
Victim-Offender Mediation:
Restorative Justice Through Dialogue |
April 2000 |
|