Title: Research and Evaluation on Violence Against Women.
Series: NIJ Solicitations
Author: NIJ
Subject: Domestic violence, victim services
Published: April 1998
22 pages
44,000 bytes

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U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
National Institute of Justice

National Institute of Justice
Solicitation
Jeremy Travis, Director
April 1998

Research and Evaluation on Violence Against Women: 

Practitioner-Researcher Collaborations

Evaluation of Policies and Programs including
Experimental Research Designs

Longitudinal Studies of Women's 
Experience with Violence

Basic Research

APPLICATION DEADLINE:

July 7, 1998

U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
810 Seventh Street N.W.
Washington, DC 20531

Janet Reno
Attorney General
U.S. Department of Justice

Raymond C. Fisher
Associate Attorney General

Laurie Robinson
Assistant Attorney General

Noel Brennan
Deputy Assistant Attorney General

Jeremy Travis
Director, National Institute of Justice

-------------------------------

Department of Justice Response Center:
800-421-6770   

Office of Justice Programs
World Wide Web Site:
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov

National Institute of Justice
World Wide Web Site:
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij

-------------------------------

Research and Evaluation on Violence Against Women

I.--Introduction

Proposals are solicited for research and
evaluation on violence against women. Four major
program areas are identified in the request for
proposals. They are Practitioner-Researcher
Collaborations, Evaluation of Policies and
Programs including Experimental Research Designs,
Longitudinal Studies of Women's Experience with
Violence, and Basic Research. For this
solicitation, violence against women includes
domestic or intimate partner violence, sexual
assault, other assaultive behaviors against women
and stalking. NIJ anticipates awarding a total of
15 to 20 grants in the four program areas with a
funding total of $4,000,000.

-------------------------------

NIJ is streamlining its process to accommodate the
volume of proposals anticipated under this and
other solicitations. Researchers can help in a
significant way by sending NIJ a nonbinding letter
of intent by June 15, 1998. The Institute will use
these letters to forecast the numbers of peer
panels it will need and to identify conflicts of
interest among potential reviewers. There are two
ways to send these letters. You can reach NIJ by
Internet by sending e-mail to tellnij@ncjrs.org
and identifying the solicitation and part(s) you
expect to apply for or you can write a letter with
the same information to Research and Evaluation on
VAW, 810 Seventh Street N.W., Washington, DC
20531. 

-------------------------------

II.--Background 

Prior to the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) of
1994, NIJ supported a number of research projects
on spouse assault, child abuse, and sexual
assault. Since the Act, family and intimate
violence research and evaluation, particularly as
it concerns the justice system, has become a major
program at NIJ.

The VAWA brought responsibility to NIJ for a
number of Congressionally mandated studies and
national evaluations. Included among the mandated
studies was one calling for a National Academy of
Sciences panel on the development of a research
agenda on violence against women. The panel,
funded jointly by NIJ and the National Center for
Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) of the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
has been published by the National Academy Press
as Understanding Violence Against Women.[1] The
report recommends a research agenda on the nature
and scope of violence against women, causes and
consequences of violence against women, prevention
and intervention, and the research infrastructure.
Understanding Violence Against Women has provided
NIJ with an agenda for a new FY98 program to
address violence against women research and
evaluation issues, and this solicitation is a
major component of the new program. The recent
National Academy of Sciences report, Violence in
Families: Assessing Prevention and Treatment
Programs,[2] will also guide this research program
and the field. 

The NIJ and CDC Joint Program

In the current Fiscal Year, NIJ has joined with
CDC in initiating a collaborative, five-year
research program to better understand the extent
of violence against women, why violence against
women occurs, how to prevent it, and how to
increase the effectiveness of legal and health
care interventions. The long-range goal of this
NIJ/CDC initiative is to achieve highly effective,
interdisciplinary, widely useful, efficient
approaches to the prevention, intervention, and
control of violence against women.

NIJ and NCIPC are generating a series of
solicitations on violence against women research
and evaluation. Announcements can be found under
'Funding Opportunities' at the NIJ web site:
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij or interested
researchers are encouraged to contact the National
Criminal Justice Reference Service at 1-800-851-
3420 to be placed on NIJ's mailing list for
Research on Family Violence and Violence Against
Women. Researchers may also contact the National
Center for Injury Prevention and Control at 770-
488-4410 to be placed on CDC's mailing list.

NIJ's Program with the Violence Against Women
Grants Office

The NIJ/CDC Joint Program is a major new effort
and represents a substantial commitment of
funding. A variety of additional programs are also
a part of NIJ's overall Violence Against Women and
Family Violence Program. These programs include a
host of research and evaluation projects
undertaken in collaboration with the Violence
Against Women Grants Office (VAWGO) and projects
supported directly by NIJ through its Investigator
Initiated and other announced programs. 

Over the past four years of the STOP Violence
Against Women grants program, NIJ has managed a
research and evaluation program that provides for
a national evaluation, several state and local
evaluations, and a variety of research and
evaluations projects pertinent to the VAWA. Two
additional VAWGO programs for which NIJ has
announced national evaluations this year are the
Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies Program and
the Rural Domestic Violence and Child
Victimization Enforcement Grant Program.

The Interagency Consortium for Research on
Violence Against Women and Violence Within the
Family

In January, 1996, NIJ and eight other federal
offices developed an interagency consortium and
announced a special Request for Applications
focusing on "Research on Violence Against Women
and Violence within the Family."  The announcement
encouraged research on the abuse of children and
the elderly, partner violence, sexual violence,
and perpetrators and victims of multiple episodes
of family violence (e.g., abused children who
witness parental domestic violence). 

The announcement was coordinated by the Office of
Behavioral and Social Sciences Research in the
National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIJ conducts
annual consortium grantee meetings and anticipates
publishing results from the research. This program
represents the first interdepartmental and trans-
NIH research funding program on violence. It has
brought together perspectives of the participating
agencies, encompassing criminal justice, mental
health, public health and prevention, alcohol and
drug abuse, and child development, to advance our
knowledge of family violence and violence against
women.

The sponsoring organizations supported ten grants
under this announcement, and two additional grants
resulting from the announcement were supported
directly by two of the agencies. The goal of this
program is to conduct research on the causes,
course, treatment, management, and prevention of
family violence and other violence against women,
as well as on the health and legal consequences of
this violence for victims. This interagency effort
produced a synergy, attracting new and important
applications and researchers in a way never seen
in a single-organization solicitation.  

Availability of NIJ's Portfolio

NIJ's research portfolio on violence against women
and family violence may be accessed at
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/vawprog/contents.htm or a
copy may be obtained from the Department of
Justice Response Center at 800-421-6770 (in the
Washington, D.C., area, at 202-307-1480).

III.--Areas of Research and Evaluation: Four Part
Solicitation

Applicants should be familiar with the background
that guides this current solicitation: the
Violence Against Women Act, the current NIJ
program on Violence Against Women, the previously
cited NAS Reports and related research and
evaluation. Through this solicitation, projects
can be jointly supported with other interested
agencies if applicants have obtained or applied to
other interested governmental or non-governmental
funders. However, NIJ will not seek funding
partners on behalf of applicants.

The four parts below, under which proposals are
solicited, are not mutually exclusive categories
but are intended to suggest areas or approaches of
priority interest. If an applicant's proposal is
equally responsive to more than one of the four
parts, each part should be listed on the face
sheet of the application and in the address to
NIJ. Applicants are reminded that NIJ grants are
funded for the full length of the project (unless
otherwise noted) and the full cost should be in
the total budget requested. 

While research and evaluation regarding violence
against all populations of women is encouraged,
those of particular interest include minority
populations, rural populations, disabled women,
and the elderly. 

The goal of this solicitation, in its four parts,
is to advance our understanding of violence
against women and accompanying theory; support
theory testing and development; and improve policy
and practice.

Part A: 
Practitioner-Researcher Collaborations

Over the years NIJ has supported research that has
been useful in modifying practice and formulating
policy. Much of this research was done in
cooperation with criminal justice agencies. This
solicitation goes beyond many of the past
cooperative arrangements and encourages the
formation of close working partnerships among
researchers and key practitioners groups relevant
to the reduction of violence against women. 

NIJ Research in Progress. Several partnerships
were initiated in FY 1997 with the VAW Grants
Office support Among these projects are
evaluations of advocacy efforts, an evaluation of
police domestic violence training, and an
evaluation of medical records as legal evidence.

A number of policing related partnerships that
focus on domestic violence are also in progress.
These collaborations in both small and large
cities are addressing needs identified and
responses developed in the particular locales. 

What the evaluators of the NIJ-supported
collaborations in the policing area have learned
is that a number of factors are critical to the
development of successful partnerships. These
include a shared vision, a problem-solving
orientation, a clear definition of roles and
responsibilities, effective communication,
continuity of personnel, and benefits accrue to
all partners. Applicants should consider these
factors in developing a collaborative proposal. 

Research Requested. Partnerships encouraged may be
newly formed in response to this solicitation or
they may build on existing relationships between
researchers and practitioners. The applicant may
be either a practitioner agency or a research
agency or academic institution. All partners
should share in the research and evaluation
resources of the project. Applications from
jurisdictions of all sizes are encouraged.

The ultimate goal of these collaborations is to
benefit all parties to the partnerships during and
beyond the Federal funding period. The
partnerships should provide justice system
practitioners and victim service providers with a
resource for policy-relevant research and
evaluation of programs, policies and protocols.
The partnerships should also afford research
scholars the means and opportunity to contribute
to the growing body of knowledge that can be used
to effectively address violence against women. 

A wide range of partnership structures may be
supported under this solicitation. Examples of
partnerships include:

o a local prosecutor, victim service provider, and
researcher; 

o a researcher working directly with a local or
state domestic violence or sexual assault
coalition; 

o local victim service, shelter providers, or rape
crisis centers partnering with police and
researchers. 

Research partnerships may also include other
relevant local or state government agencies or
private service providers. A critical element of
the application is that it reflects a genuine
collaboration regardless of who may have initiated
the effort. The application must clearly
demonstrate a commitment to the partnership on the
part of all parties involved.

Examples of the kinds of activities a partnership
should include are:

o problem definition through the collection and
analysis of baseline data,

o performance measures development for
programmatic assessment,

o process and/or formative evaluation to assist in
the implementation of new programs or activities,

o impact or outcome evaluation. 

As the partners initiate a collaboration in the
development of a proposal, they should consider
the spirit and intent of the VAWA in deciding
which specific issues to address.  A particular
population may be addressed -- adult victims of
sexual assault, victims of domestic violence,
rural women, Native American women, minority
women, elderly or homeless women -- or a
particular policy, practice, program or issue
relating to violence against women may provide the
focus for the collaboration.

Funding under this section is intended to support
the establishment of the partnerships, the
collaborative development of a policy relevant
research agenda, and the completion of at least
one research project. The application must include
a task outline that includes a schedule for the
completion of the key tasks over the course of the
project. 

While the partnership may address one or more
initial short-term questions or issues, the
completion of a specific research or evaluation
study is required. Documentation of the
development of the partnership is critical,
therefore the application must include a plan to
create a system to record the establishment,
development, and achievements of the research
collaboration. 

Partnerships of up to 18 months in duration are
encouraged. Five grant awards of approximately
$100,000 each are anticipated under this Part.
Contingent upon continued appropriations in the
future, these partnerships may receive continued
funding in subsequent years to further the
collaboration. 

Part B:
Evaluation of Policies and Programs Including
Experimental Research Designs

While evaluation projects may be conducted in the
context of a researcher-practitioner collaboration
(Part A), this Part offers support for researcher-
initiated evaluation studies, including multi-
jurisdictional evaluations of policies, protocols
and programs that are directed toward insuring the
safety of women and improving the criminal justice
response to violence against women. 

Designs involving the random assignment of cases
to an experimental or control condition can be
difficult to conduct in criminal justice settings.
However, jurisdictions searching for reliable
answers to policy questions have used experimental
designs that are fair and equitable to determine
the most effective policy or programmatic
response. Although a practice or policy may appear
to be reasonably effective, unconvincing or
conflicting evidence regarding the best of several
alternatives has led some jurisdictions to
consider random assignment of cases for gaining
the most reliable results. Thus, experimental
designs are encouraged. However, other evaluation
designs may be appropriate given the needs and
constraints in a particular setting.

NIJ Research in Progress. NIJ is currently
supporting a substantial body of criminal justice
evaluation work. Projects in progress are
evaluating court, prosecution, police and advocacy
efforts largely as they relate to domestic
violence matters. Evaluations are also addressing
the major programs of the Violence Against Women
Grants Office, Coordinated Community Responses to
VAW, and anti-stalking efforts.

Among the most notable NIJ supported projects
using an experimental design were the Minneapolis
Domestic Violence Experiment and the follow-up
Spouse Assault Replications that studied
alternative police responses to misdemeanor
domestic violence calls. The only experimental
prosecution study was the Indianapolis Domestic
Violence Prosecution Experiment which involved
random assignment to one of three conditions, and
found that victims who were permitted to drop
charges but did not do so were significantly less
likely to experience revictimization. Two recent
studies involving experimental designs addressed
batterer intervention programs. These studies in
Brooklyn and Broward County, Florida will provide
results in the near future. 

Chapter Three of the previously cited National
Academy of Sciences report on Violence in Families
provides an informative discussion on improving
evaluation. Evaluation applicants may want to
consider this chapter as well as the guiding
principles presented in the report to assist in
the evaluation selection process.

Research Requested. Evaluation studies aimed at
addressing gaps in the current understanding of
policies, programs and practices are encouraged.
The following are among the areas of interest, but
applicants are not restricted to these:

o An assessment of current mechanisms developed to
determine risk of injury to women who present to
official responders as domestic violence victims;

o Development and evaluation of early warning
systems for abusers to detect failure to comply
with or complete court mandated treatment, and to
detect new abuse of victims;

o The impact of domestic violence or sexual
assault training, including various forms, amount
and duration of training, on the performance of
criminal justice professionals.

o Evaluations of a "readiness to change" or
"stages of change" model for both offenders and
victims in the criminal justice response to
domestic violence;

o Evaluations of the effectiveness of treatment
for different types of sex offenders;

o The impacts of mandatory reporting by physicians
and other health care providers of victims of
domestic violence to law enforcement agencies; 

o Determining prosecution strategies that are most
effective in reducing recidivism of misdemeanant
spouse assaulters; and

o Determining what prosecution response affords
the most protection for the victim of sexual
assault or domestic violence.

Under this part, four to six awards are
anticipated for projects generally up to 24
months. The duration and the budget for proposed
evaluations should be justified by factors such as
the complexity of the design, the number of sites,
and the size of the sample.  Prospective
applicants considering an experimental design may
apply for a grant to conduct a feasibility and
planning project for an initial year. Such
projects should be limited to $100,000. A grant
for the conduct of the experimental design study
would be considered after completion of the
feasibility study and would be dependent on future
appropriations for this program area. 

Written agreement from key practitioners to use an
experimental design and a thorough plan for
insuring the safety of victims is required of
applicants.

Part C:
Longitudinal Studies of Women's Experiences With
Violence

Violence against women, because of its intimate
and personal nature, is difficult to study.
Consequently, much remains unknown about what
causes violence against women, the factors that
endanger women or protect them from violence, and
the physical and emotional consequences of such
violence for women and their children. 

Research Requested. The National Academy of
Sciences report "Understanding Violence Against
Women" recommended that "longitudinal research be
undertaken to study the developmental trajectory
of violence against women and whether it differs
from the development of other violent behaviors."
In response to this recommendation, NIJ is
soliciting proposals for longitudinal research on
women's experiences with violence. For the
purposes of this solicitation longitudinal
research involves the repeated observation or
examination of a set of subjects over time with
respect to one or more study variables. These
longitudinal studies should emphasize factors
associated with the development of violent
behavior against women; its maintenance,
escalation, or diminution over time; and the
influence of racial, ethnic, cultural, and
socioeconomic factors. They should also explore
the interaction of violence against women with
other social problems.  In addition, these studies
should examine how individual, neighborhood,
community, and broader social factors protect
women or increase their risk for victimization.
Analyzing the ecological context in which women
experience violence is critical to understanding
the nature of this problem, its impact on women,
and the effectiveness of interventions.

Various methodological strategies for longitudinal
studies are encouraged. For example, applicants
may wish to survey women about their experiences
with violence. In addition, surveys of community
residents may yield valuable information about the
impacts of violence against women on the
community. Census tract or block level data also
may be utilized to capture neighborhood or
community characteristics that influence violence
against women. The use of data from a variety of
systems (e.g. criminal justice, social service,
public health) is recommended. Projects may
involve ethnography, focus groups, and other
qualitative methods, along with surveys and other
quantitative approaches. At least two waves of
data collection are required. Existing
longitudinal data sets may be augmented with
additional waves of data collection.

Up to $1,000,000 will be available to support up
to three longitudinal studies. Projects initially
will be funded for up to 24 months. 

Based upon the successful progress of funded
studies and the availability of funds, project
periods may be extended and additional financial
support provided for the continuation of these
projects. Applicants should include with their
proposal a statement on the additional work that
would be completed, the time period for completion
of this work, and the funds requested, if the
project were to be extended beyond 24 months and
additional financial support provided. Decisions
regarding project extension and supplemental
funding will be made prior to the close of the 24
month project period. Continuation funding beyond
an initial grant is contingent upon NIJ's receipt
of funding.

Part D:
Basic Research on Violence Against Women

For many years NIJ has supported research on
spouse assault, other family violence and sexual
assault. NIJ has partnered with other Office of
Justice Programs (OJP) bureaus, program offices,
and other federal agencies including the National
Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention to fund research in this
area. Additionally, the Interagency Consortium
cited earlier provides a major multi-agency
research focus on violence against women and
family violence.

NIJ Research in Progress. The current violence
against women portfolio includes research projects
addressing domestic violence, sexual assault, and
stalking. Projects have focused on operations of
law enforcement, prosecution, victim services, the
courts, probation, and parole. Others have
included:

o A study of the influence of alcohol and drugs on
women's utilization of the police for domestic
violence;

o An analysis of the use of medical records as
legal evidence in domestic violence cases;

o A national survey on violence and threats of
violence against women and men in America;

o An examination of domestic violence in multi-
ethnic rural communities;

o A national survey on the extent and nature of
sexual victimization of college women; and

o An investigation of the role of stalking in
serious cases of domestic violence.

NIJ's research portfolio on violence against women
and family violence can be accessed at
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/vawprog/contents.htm or a
copy can be obtained from the Department of
Justice Response Center at 800-421-6770 (in the
Washington, D.C. area at 202-307-1480)

Research Requested. Proposals are encouraged for
basic research studies aimed at improving our
understanding of violence against women. Studies
in areas that have not been widely researched may
suggest a descriptive study approach. Several
topics for consideration include but are not
limited to:

o The safety planning processes that individual
women employ;

o Implications of "readiness to change", or
"stages of change" models for offenders and
victims of domestic violence and sexual assault;
and the accompanying criminal justice response;

o Links between partner abuse and child abuse,
including child witnessing of domestic violence;

o The international trafficking of women and
children to the United States for use in the
illegal sex trade and unlawful labor;

o The role of media as a key participant in
communicating a community's shared vision in
addressing violence against women;

o Impact of welfare reform for women and their
children who are victims of domestic violence; and

o The significance of strategically placed
advocates in police or prosecution offices in
terms of victim safety, victim quality of life,
and the criminal justice case process.

The above list is not exhaustive or intended to
limit the applicant. Any research that has the
potential to reduce the level of violence against
women, increase the safety of women, and provide
useful findings for improving programs will be
considered. Up to $900,000 will be available to
support projects under this Part. The average
grant is anticipated to be $150,000 to $200,000,
however smaller and larger grants may be
appropriate.

Methodological Considerations. In all of the above
Parts of the solicitation the need for innovation,
particularly on qualitative measures, culturally
sensitive measures, and the need for many
different levels of data are acknowledged.
Victims, advocates, and knowledgeable criminal
justice practitioners should be brought into the
various stages of the research process wherever
appropriate. In evaluations, outcome measures that
go beyond reoffending need to be considered and
utilized. New outcome measures could address
stress, economic independence, quality of life,
offending with a new partner, and victim and
community safety. The use of data from a variety
of systems (e.g. criminal justice, social service,
public health) is encouraged. Also, applicants
must include a statement that demonstrates an
understanding of the care needed in protecting
human subjects. 

Dissemination of Results

NIJ is interested in expeditious and innovative
methods to disseminate the results from all
projects supported under this solicitation.
Methods that would supplement the more traditional
dissemination approaches are encouraged. Results
of projects are expected to be reported to NIJ as
they become available, and at a minimum through
semi-annual progress reports. Applicants should
provide a discussion of the types of reports or
products that would become available over the
course of the project.

An annual grantee meeting should be anticipated
and applicants should budget $1,000 for each year
of the grant to participate in these grantee
meetings.

IV. --How to Apply 

Those interested in submitting proposals in
response to this solicitation must complete the
required application forms and submit related
required documents. (See below for how to obtain
application forms and guides for completing
proposals.) Applicants must include the following
information/forms to quality for consideration:

o Standard Form (SF) 424--application for Federal
assistance 

o Assurances

o Certifications Regarding Lobbying, Debarment,
Suspension and Other Responsibility Matters; and
Drug-Free Workplace Requirements (one form)

o Disclosure of Lobbying Activities

o Budget Detail Worksheet

o Budget Narrative

o Negotiated indirect rate agreement (if
appropriate)

o Names and affiliations of all key persons from
applicant and subcontractor(s), advisors,
consultants, and advisory board members. Include
name of principal investigator, title,
organizational affiliation (if any), department
(if institution of higher education), address,
phone, and fax 

o Proposal abstract

o Table of contents

o Program narrative or technical proposal

o Privacy certificate

o References

o Letters of cooperation from organizations
collaborating in the research project

o Resumes

o Appendixes, if any (e.g., list of previous NIJ
awards, their status, and products [in NIJ or
other publications])

o Proposal abstract. The proposal abstract, when
read separately from the rest of the application,
is meant to serve as a succinct and accurate
description of the proposed work. Applicants must
concisely describe the research goals and
objectives, research design, and methods for
achieving the goals and objectives. Summaries of
past accomplishments are to be avoided, and
proprietary/confidential information is not to be
included. Length is not to exceed 400 words. Use
the following two headers:

Project Goals and Objectives:

Proposed Research Design and Methodology:

Page limit. The number of pages in the "Program
Narrative" part of the proposal must not exceed 30
(double-spaced pages) for awards greater than
$50,000; for smaller awards (under $50,000), the
maximum page length is 15 (double-spaced pages).

Due date. Completed proposals must be received at
the National Institute of Justice by the close of
business on July 7, 1998. Extensions of this
deadline will not be permitted.

Award period. In general, NIJ limits its grants
and cooperative agreements to a maximum period of
12 or 24 months. However, longer budget periods
may be considered and are suggested in some parts
of this solicitation.

Number of awards. NIJ anticipates supporting 15 to
20 grants under this solicitation. 

Award amount. Awards totaling $50,000 to $500,000
will be made available for this NIJ solicitation.
The higher amounts are expected to be few in
number and justified by the complexity and cost of
the design. 

Applying. Two packets need to be obtained: (1)
application forms (including a sample budget
worksheet) and (2) guidelines for submitting
proposals (including requirements for proposal
writers and requirements for grant recipients). To
receive them, applicants can:

o Access the Justice Information Center on the web: 

http://www.ncjrs.org/fedgrant.htm#NIJ

or the NIJ web site:

http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/NIJ/funding.htm 

These web sites offer the NIJ application forms
and guidelines as electronic files that may be
downloaded to a personal computer.

o Request hard copies of the forms and guidelines by
mail from the National Criminal Justice Reference
Service at 800-851-3420 or from the Department of
Justice Response Center at 800-421-6770 (in the
Washington, D.C., area, at 202-307-1480).

o Request copies by fax. Call 800-851-3420 and
select option 1, then option 1 again for NIJ. Code
is 1023.

Guidance and information. Applicants who wish to
receive additional guidance and information may
contact the U.S. Department of Justice Response
Center at 800-421-6770. Center staff can provide
assistance or refer applicants to an appropriate
NIJ professional. Applicants may, for example,
wish to discuss their prospective research topics
with the NIJ professional staff.

Send 12 copies (one with original signatures) of
completed forms to:

National Institute of Justice
R&E on VAW: 
(Specify Part and Title)
810 Seventh Street N.W.
Washington, DC 20531
[overnight courier ZIP code 20001]

An acknowledgment letter will be sent to
applicants within three weeks of the due date.
Include a stamped, self-addressed post card
acknowledging receipt with your application if you
want a response sooner than the NIJ acknowledgment
letter.

Notes:

1. National Research Council, 1996, Understanding
Violence Against Women, N.A. Crowell and A.W.
Burgess, eds. Panel on Research on Violence
Against Women, Washington, D.C.: National Academy
Press. Can be purchased from the National Academy
Press at 800 624-6242 or 202 334-3313.

2. National Research Council and Institute of
Medicine, 1998, Violence in Families: Assessing
Prevention and Treatment Programs, R. Chalk and P.
King, eds. Committee on the Assessment of Family
Violence Interventions, Washington, D.C.: National
Academy Press. Can be purchased from the National
Academy Press at 800 624-6242 or 202 334-3313. 

For more information on the National Institute of
Justice, please contact:

National Criminal Justice Reference Service
Box 6000
Rockville, MD 20849-6000
800-851-3420
e-mail: askncjrs@ncjrs.org

You can view or obtain an electronic version of
this document from the NCJRS Justice Information
Center web site (http://www.ncjrs.org) or the NIJ
web site (http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij).

If you have any questions, call or e-mail NCJRS.