Notes

1 Division of Criminal Justice, 2004, Attorney General Standards for Providing Services to Victims of Sexual Assault (Second Edition), Trenton, NJ: New Jersey Department of Law & Public Safety, Division of Criminal Justice, 7.

2 Natalie Taylor, Jacqueline Joudo, and Australian Institute of Criminology, 2005, The Impact of Pre-Recorded Video and Closed Circuit Television Testimony by Adult Sexual Assault Complainants on Jury Decision-Making: An Experimental Study, Research and Public Policy Series, No. 68, Canberra, Australia: Australian Institute of Criminology.

3 National Center for Victims of Crime, 2007, DNA and Crime Victims: What Victims Need to Know, Washington, DC: National Center for Victims of Crime.

4 "Forensic DNA Databases: Linking Criminals to Crimes," DNA Initiative Web site, accessed June 25, 2010.

5 DNA Initiative Web site.

6 National Institute of Justice, 2011, The Road Ahead: Unanalyzed Evidence in Sexual Assault Cases, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.

7 "Statutes of Limitations for Sexual Assaults," National Conference of State Legislatures Web site, accessed June 25, 2010.

8 World Health Organization, 2003, Guidelines for Medico-Legal Care for Victims of Sexual Violence, Geneva, Switzerland, 8.

9 Toxicology Unit of the Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation, nd, Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault Bulletin, Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation, Toxicology Unit.

10 Michael Rand and Shannan Catalano, 2007, Criminal Victimization, 2006, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

11 Antonia Abbey, T. Zawacki, P. Buck, M. Clinton, and P. McAuslan, 2001, "Alcohol and Sexual Assault," Alcohol Research and Health 25(1).

12 National Drug Intelligence Center, 2004, Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault Fast Facts, Washington, DC: National Drug Intelligence Center.

13 Ohio Department of Health, 2004, Protocol for the Treatment of Adult and Adolescent Sexual Assault Patients, Columbus, OH: Ohio Department of Health.

14 Office on Violence Against Women, 2004, A National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women.

15 Toxicology Unit of the Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation, Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault Bulletin.

16 Office on Violence Against Women, A National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations, 102.

17 Office on Violence Against Women, A National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations, 101–102.

18 Office on Violence Against Women, A National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations, 102.

19 U.S. Department of Defense, 2006, Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program Procedures, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Defense.

20 Office on Violence Against Women, 2004, A National Protocol for Medical Forensic Examinations, Adults/Adolescents, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women, 59.

21 "Telemedicine Defined," American Telemedicine Association Web site, accessed June 22, 2011.

22 Lee H. Schwann, R.G. Holloway, P. Amarenco, H.J. Audebert, T. Bakas, N.R. Chumbler, R. Handschu, E.C. Jauch, W.A. Knight IV, S.R. Levine, M. Mayberg, B.C. Meyer, P.M. Meyers, E. Skalabrin, and L.R. Wechsler, 2009, "A Review of the Evidence for the Use of Telemedicine Within Stroke Systems of Care: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association," Stroke 40:2616–2634; A.A. Kon and J.P. Marcin, 2005, "Using Telemedicine To Improve Communication During Pediatric Resuscitations," Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 11(5):261–264; T.S. Nesbitt, J.P. Marcin, M.M. Daschbach, and S.L. Cole, 2005, "Perceptions of Local Health Care Quality in 7 Rural Communities With Telemedicine," Journal of Rural Health 21(1):79–85; and J.P. Marcin, T.S. Nesbitt, H.J. Kallas, S.N. Struve, C.A. Traugott, and R.J. Dimand, 2004, "Use of Telemedicine To Provide Pediatric Critical Care Inpatient Consultations to Underserved Rural Northern California," Journal of Pediatrics 144(3):375–380.

23 M.S. Eberhardt, M.S., D.D. Ingram, D.M. Makuc, E.R. Pamuk, V.M. Freid, S.B. Harper, C.A. Schoenborn, and H. Xia, 2001, Health, United States, 2001 With Urban and Rural Health Chartbook, Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

24 K.J. MacLeod, J.P. Marcin, C. Boyle, S. Miyamoto, R.J. Dimand, and K.K. Rogers, 2009, "Using Telemedicine to Improve the Care Delivered to Sexually Abused Children in Rural, Underserved Hospitals," Pediatrics 123(1):223–228; and I.M. Thraen, L. Frasier, C. Cochella, J. Yaffe, and P. Goede, 2008, "The Use of TeleCAM as a Remote Web-Based Application for Child Maltreatment Assessment, Peer Review, and Case Documentation," Child Maltreatment 13(4):368–376.

25 S.J. Crow, J.E. Mitchell, R.D. Crosby, S.A. Swanson, S. Wonderlich, and K. Lancaster, 2009, "The Cost Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa Delivered via Telemedicine Versus Face-to-Face," Behaviour Research and Therapy 47(6):451–453.

26 L. Franzini, K.R. Sail, E.J. Thomas, and L. Wueste, 2011, "Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of a Telemedicine Intensive Care Unit Program in 6 Intensive Care Units in a Large Health Care System," Journal of Critical Care 26(3):329.

27 T.S. Bergmo, 2009, "Can Economic Evaluation in Telemedicine Be Trusted? A Systematic Review of the Literature," Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 7:18.

28 R. Shapori, M. Hebert, A. Kushniruk, and D. Zuege, 2011, "Telemedicine in the Intensive Care Unit Environment: A Survey of the Attitudes and Perspectives of Critical Care Clinicians," Journal of Critical Care 26:328.

29 "Victim Impact Statements," National Center for Victims of Crime Web site, accessed June 29, 2010.

30 Ibid.

31 Linda Ledray, 2007, SART Model Evaluation, presentation abstract at IAFN Scientific Assembly: "Imagine a World Without Violence, Utah."

32 Doug Beloof, April 27, 2005, "Rights of Sexual Assault Victims," HELP for Victim Service Providers (OVC Web Forum). 

33 Center for Law and Public Policy on Sexual Violence, 2005, A Criminal Justice Guide: Legal Remedies for Adult Victims of Sexual Violence, Portland, OR: National Crime Victim Law Institute, Center for Law and Public Policy on Sexual Violence, 2.

34 Sarah Brown Hammond, 2005, "Enforcing and Evaluating Victims' Rights Laws," LEGISBRIEF 13(13).

35 Dean G. Kilpatrick, David Beatty, and Susan Smith Howley, 1998, The Rights of Crime Victims—Does Legal Protection Make a Difference?, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, 10.

36 Centre for International Crime Prevention, 1999, Handbook on Justice for Victims, New York, NY: United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention, Centre for International Crime Prevention, 37–38.

37 Center for Law and Public Policy on Sexual Violence, A Criminal Justice Guide: Legal Remedies for Adult Victims of Sexual Violence.

38 John Gillis, 2006, United States Court of Appeals Rules on First Case Under Crime Victims' Rights Act (CVRA), Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office for Victims of Crime.